Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism

P/CVE at a glance

After years of conflict and instability, Somalia is making strides towards State building. Despite the progress, the country continues to suffer from terror attacks and threats of violent extremism. Al Shabaab still control and influence territories and communities in large parts of Somalia, particularly in the South and Central part of the nation. In addition, in the North, a small fraction of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – ISIL or Da’esh – has taken ground. Territory gains made in recent years by the Somali National Army and the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM), have allowed for the control of the main urban centers. In 2019, in line with the Comprehensive Approach to Security (CAS) adopted in 2017, the transition plan intends to hand over security responsibilities from AMISOM to Somali security institutions and allow for restoration of Somali local authorities and service delivery.

In an environment of volatile politics and security vacuums, violent extremism and non‐state actors have space to thrive and can fill the void left behind by the absence of a functioning state and accountable institutions.

Factors conducive to violent extremism are complex and multifaceted and this reflects in how these extremist groups continue to influence Somalis – elders and religious leaders, women and youth, through successful communication strategies, service delivery, including justice and indoctrination via radical curricula for young children and threats or coercion. Until today, conditions conducive to terrorism and violent extremism are a reality not only in areas controlled by Al Shabaab but also in urban areas as well as in newly recovered areas. Indeed, without efforts for local reconciliation, political inclusion, human rights‐centered justice and provision of security, critical thinking education and employment opportunities, groups like Al Shabaab have the potential to maintain their influence and strengthen credibility as provider of crucial services.